Abstract

Despite playing a pivotal role in Bangladesh’s agricultural sector, women’s efforts are frequently overlooked in key areas such as decision-making and economic recognition. This study explores the role of female farmers in family-based agriculture, focusing on their involvement in cultivation, harvesting, and livestock care. Using a qualitative method, the study conducted in-depth interviews with 25 female substitute farmers in Chandpura village of Barishal for data collection. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, and a semi-structured questionnaire was used. Thematic data analysis was applied to interpret the findings.
The results reveal that despite their intensive labour and substantial support to male family members in farming, women’s contributions receive little recognition within households and communities. In extended families, married women have limited decision-making power; although they are consulted on agricultural matters, men typically retain the final authority.
Many participants indicated that they lacked personal savings and had little to no control over the earnings from agricultural produce. Moreover, they are not routinely remunerated for their work, as their efforts are viewed as part of their social and household responsibilities. Several participants also said they had to drop out of school early to assist their families with agricultural work. Although these compromises have led to long-term dissatisfaction and a perceived loss of opportunity, the majority expressed a strong desire to engage in additional income-generating activities to enhance their sense of value, decision-making ability, and financial independence.
The study’s findings could help policymakers design gender-inclusive agricultural policies that acknowledge and support women’s contributions. Furthermore, the outcomes can assist NGOs and development organisations in implementing training and empowerment initiatives that improve rural women farmers’ technical and financial literacy, strengthening their capacity to exercise greater control over farm operations and income.