Abstract

The concept of smart sustainable cities (SCs) has gained significant attention as urban centers increasingly integrate
information and communication technologies (ICT) into traditional infrastructures to improve efficiency, sustainability, and quality of
life. This paper synthesizes recent advancements in the field, highlighting emerging technologies and challenges associated with the
development of SCs. Key technologies include edge computing, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), blockchain, and digital twins,
each contributing to enhanced urban operations in sectors such as healthcare, energy, and transportation. However, the
implementation of SCs is complex, with cybersecurity and data privacy presenting critical challenges. To evaluate SC progress, in
this study performance indices have been developed by providing a comparative analysis of 141 cities worldwide, encompassing
dimensions of smart economy, governance, and environment. Findings reveal that leading SCs benefit from a conducive environment
for innovation, regulatory support, and strategic governance. Despite the progress, this work identifies gaps in comprehensive, global
assessment models for SCs, proposing that future research adopt a 360-degree perspective to address the varied facets of SC
performance. In conclusion, this study aims to inform policymakers and stakeholders, offering insights into the strengths, challenges,
and future trajectories of SC development.